FEVER: Forest Vulnerability to Extreme and Repeated Climatic Stress
Context
The frequency and severity of heat events are increasing across Europe: by the end of the 21st century, countries in central Europe will experience the same number of hot days as are currently experienced in southern Europe. The summers of 2018 and 2019 included some of the hottest periods ever recorded and existing soil moisture measurements show unprecedented levels of soil drought across Switzerland.
The uncertainty of how forest trees react to increased temperatures and heat stress is also related to the fact that ecophysiological reactions vary across species, sites and regions, biome types, and prevailing climatic conditions, which makes their realization in land-atmosphere models challenging.
Project aims
To improve the understanding of forest-climate interactions, a multi-scale approach is needed, that is able to investigate the ecosystem as a whole, to be able to predict the degree to which the forest ecosystem is susceptible to adverse climatic stress impacts.
The project FEVER links physiological leaf, tree, and root processes with the ecosystem-level fluxes of water vapor, to understand the contribution of vegetation, and the direction in which forest-climate interactions will be affected by future changes in climate.
In particular, this project has four main objectives:
- To assess how trees regulate their water loss at the leaf level under drier conditions;
- To determine the contribution of canopy transpiration to the whole-forest energy and water fluxes;
- To identify where in the soil profile trees extract water from, and how trees adjust their uptake in response to declining soil moisture levels;
- To explore long-term changes in ecosystem water vapor fluxes in response to climatic stress using some of the longest set of eddy covariance measurements globally (since 1997).
Schematic representation of the project, which consists of four sub studies (SS). Work packages will be completed at a coniferous forest in Davos and a mixed deciduous forest in Lägeren. Both sites are part of a larger long-term forest monitoring network in Switzerland (external page LWF), and a global network of eddy covariance measurement sites (external page FLUXNET). Additionally, Davos is part of the Integrated Carbon Observation System network external page ICOS and a Class 1 candidate ecosystem site
Publications
Gou R, Chi J, Liu J, Luo Y, Shekhar A, Mo L, Lin G (2024) Atmospheric water demand constrains net ecosystem production in subtropical mangrove forests. Journal of Hydrology 630: 130651, doi: external page 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130651
Zhao X, Chen J, Marshall J, Gałkowski M, Hachinger S, Dietrich F, Shekhar A, Gensheimer J, Wenzel A, Gerbig C (2023) Understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) column concentrations in Munich using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23: 14325-14347, doi: external page 10.5194/acp-23-14325-2023
Gou R, Buchmann N, Chi J, Luo Y, Mo L, Shekhar A, Feigenwinter I, Hörtnagl L, Weizhi Lue, Xiaowei Cuif, Yuchen Menga, Shanshan Songa, Guangxuan Ling, Yuechao Cheng, Jie Liangh, Jiemin Guoi, Haijun Pengj, Guanghui Lin G (2023) Temporal variations of carbon and water fluxes in a subtropical mangrove forest: insights from a decade-long eddy covariance measurement. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 343: 109764, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109764
Dietrich F, Chen J, Shekhar A, Lober S, Krämer K, Leggett G, van der Veen C, Velzeboer I, Denier van der Gon H, Röckmann T (2023) Climate impact comparison of electric and gas-powered end-user appliances. Earth's Future 11: e2022EF002877, doi: external page 10.1029/2022EF002877
Shekhar A, Hörtnagl L, Buchmann N, Gharun M (2023) Long-term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness. Global Change Biology 29: 5379-5396, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16846
Xie M, Ma X, Wang Y, Li C, Shi H, Yuan X, Hellwich O, Chen C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Ling Q, Gao R, Zhang Y, Ochege FU, Frankl A, De Maeyer P, Buchmann N, Feigenwinter I, Olesen JE, Juszczak R, Jacotot A, Korrensalo A, Pitacco A, Varlagin A, Shekhar A, Lohila A, De Ligne A, Carrara A, Brut A, Kruijt B, Loubet B, Heinesch B, Chojnicki B, Helfter C, Vincke C, Shao C, Bernhofer C, Brümmer C, Wille C, Tuittila ES, Nemitz E, Meggio F, Dong G, Lanigan GJ, Niedrist G, Wohlfahrt G, Zhou G, Goded I, Gruenwald T, Olejnik J, Jansen J, Neirynck J, Tuovinen JP, Zhang J, Klumpp K, Pilegaard K, Šigut L, Klemedtsson L, Tezza L, Hörtnagl L, Urbaniak M, Roland M, Schmidt M, Sutton MA, Hehn M, Saunders M, Mauder M, Aurela M, Korkiakoski M, Du M, Vendrame N, Kowalska N, Leahy PG, Alekseychik P, Shi P, Weslien P, Chen S, Fares S, Friborg T, Tallec T, Kato T, Sachs T, Maximov T, Morra di Cella U, Moderow U, Li Y, He Y, Kosugi Y, Luo G (2023) Monitoring of carbon-water fluxes at Eurasian meteorological stations using random forest and remote sensing. Scientific Data 10: 587, doi: external page 10.1038/s41597-023-02473-9
Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K (2023) ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests. Global Change Biology, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16678
Lal P, Shekhar A, Gharun M, Das NN (2023) Spatiotemporal evolution of global long-term patterns of soil moisture. Science of the Total Environment 867: 161470, doi: external page 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161470
Shekhar A, Shapiro CA (2022) Prospective crop yield and income return based on a retrospective analysis of a long-term rainfed agriculture experiment in Nebraska. Agricultural Systems 198: 103384, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103384
Shekhar A, Buchmann N, Gharun M (2022) How well do recently reconstructed solar-induced fluorescence datasets model gross primary productivity? Remote Sensing of Environment 283: 113282, doi: external page 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113282
Lembrechts JJ, …, Buchmann N, ..., Eugster W, …, Feigenwinter I, …, Gharun M, …, Hörtnagl L, ..., Maier R, …, Shekhar A, et al. (2022) Global maps of soil temperature. Global Change Biology 28: 3110-3144, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16060
Lal P, Shekhar A, Kumar A (2021) Quantifying temperature and precipitation change caused by land cover change: A case study of India using the WRF model. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9: 766328, doi: external page 10.3389/fenvs.2021.766328
Balamurugan V, Chen J, Qu Z, Bi X, Gensheimer J, Shekhar A, Bhattacharjee S, Keutsch FN (2021) Tropospheric NO2 and O3 response to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions at the national and urban scales in Germany. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126: e2021JD035440, doi: external page 10.1029/2021JD035440
Gensheimer J, Turner AJ, Shekhar A, Wenzel A, Keutsch, FN, Chen J (2021) What are the different measures of mobility telling us about surface transportation CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic? Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere 126: e2021JD034664, doi: external page 10.1029/2021JD034664
Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffle L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Van Meerbeek K (2021) ForestTemp – sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests. Global Change Biology 27: 6307-6319, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.15892