Swiss FluxNet

Context

The Swiss FluxNet combines flux sites in Switzerland where CO₂ and H₂O vapour fluxes (at some sites also CH₄ and N₂O fluxes) are measured at ecosystem scale using the eddy-covariance technique. It currently encompasses six long-term ecosystem sites, all run by our group, covering the major land-use types in Switzerland: forest (mixed deciduous: Lägeren; evergreen: Davos), grassland (Chamau, Früebüel, Alp Weissenstein/Crap Alv), and cropland (Oensingen). Flux measurements in an urban setting (external page Basel) as well as within a watershed (Rietholzbach) complement the Swiss FluxNet. Further sites with short-term measurements such as Dischma (winter measurements over grassland; closed down) and Oensingen (grassland; closed down) provided additional information.

Enlarged view: Swiss FluxNet — Swiss FluxNet

Approach

Ecosystem flux measurements of CO₂, H₂O vapour, CH₄ and N₂O are performed with the eddy covariance method. The eddy covariance method is based on high frequency measurements (10–20 Hz) of turbulent fluctuations in vertical wind velocity and the mixing ratio of a trace gas. The ecosystem flux itself is calculated from the covariance between these two measurements using time averaging of typically 30 min.

Technical specifications

Highest-quality infrared gas analyzers (CO₂, H₂O_v) and laser spectrometers (CH₄ and N₂O) to resolve turbulent short-term fluctuations in the trace gas mixing ratio
Micrometeorology sensors: 3D sonic anemometer for wind speed and directions; radiation sensors for radiation budget
Soil climate profiles (temperature, moisture, soil heat flux)
Auxiliary instrumentation to measure soil CH₄ and N₂O fluxes with automated chambers (Davos), soil/stem/leaf respiration, xylem sap flow, stem diameter growth, phenology, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, precipitation, etc.

Open access data

Many projects took place at those sites in the last two decades: for on-going projects, please see here; for past projects, please click here. Further details on what kind of data are available for each site, how we process data and some first data products, please see here. All our meteo and flux data are open access. Just one example: since the Fluxnet2015 dataset has been released in December 2015, our data have been downloaded 26 805 times. For more info, please read here or contact the PI.

Publications

2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012

2023

Gomarasca U, Migliavacca M, Kattge J, Nelson JA, Niinemets Ü, Wirth C, Cescatti A, Bahn M, Nair R, Acosta ATR, Arain MA, Beloiu M, Black TA, Bruun HH, Bucher SF, Buchmann N, Carrara A, Chaeho B, Conte A, da Silva AC, Duveiller G, Fares S, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Komac B, Limousin JM, Lusk CH, Mahecha M, Martini D, Minden V, Montagnani L, Mori A, Onoda Y, Peñuelas J, Perez-Priego O, Poschlod P, Powell TL, Reich PB, Šigut L, van Bodegom PM, Walther S, Wohlfahrt G, Wright IJ, Reichstein M (2023) Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale. Nature Communications 14: 3948, doi: external page 10.1038/s41467-023-39572-5

Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K (2023) ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests. Global Change Biology, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16678

Xie M, Ma X, Wang Y, Li C, Shi H, Yuan X, Hellwich O, Chen C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Ling Q, Gao R, Zhang Y, Ochege FU, Frankl A, De Maeyer P, Buchmann N, Feigenwinter I, Olesen JE, Juszczak R, Jacotot A, Korrensalo A, Pitacco A, Varlagin A, Shekhar A, Lohila A, De Ligne A, Carrara A, Brut A, Kruijt B, Loubet B, Heinesch B, Chojnicki B, Helfter C, Vincke C, Shao C, Bernhofer C, Brümmer C, Wille C, Tuittila ES, Nemitz E, Meggio F, Dong G, Lanigan GJ, Niedrist G, Wohlfahrt G, Zhou G, Goded I, Gruenwald T, Olejnik J, Jansen J, Neirynck J, Tuovinen JP, Zhang J, Klumpp K, Pilegaard K, Šigut L, Klemedtsson L, Tezza L, Hörtnagl L, Urbaniak M, Roland M, Schmidt M, Sutton MA, Hehn M, Saunders M, Mauder M, Aurela M, Korkiakoski M, Du M, Vendrame N, Kowalska N, Leahy PG, Alekseychik P, Shi P, Weslien P, Chen S, Fares S, Friborg T, Tallec T, Kato T, Sachs T, Maximov T, Morra di Cella U, Moderow U, Li Y, He Y, Kosugi Y, Luo G (2023) Monitoring of carbon-water fluxes at Eurasian meteorological stations using random forest and remote sensing. Scientific Data 10: 587, doi: external page 10.1038/s41597-023-02473-9

2022

Etzold S, Sterck F, Bose AK, Braun S, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Gessler A, Kahmen A, Peters RL, Vitasse Y, Walthert L, Ziemińska K, Zweifel R (2022) Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees. Ecology Letters 25: 427-439, doi: external page 10.1111/ele.13933

Fu Z, Ciais P, Makowski D, Bastos A, Stoy P,C, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Migliavacca M, Cuntz M, Šigut L, Peichl M, Loustau D, El-Madany TS, Buchmann N, Gharun M, Janssens I, Markwitz C, Grünwald T, Rebmann C, Mölder M, Varlagin A, Mammarella I, Kolari P, Bernhofer C, Heliasz M, Vincke C, Pitacco A, Cremonese E, Foltýnová L, Wigneron J-P (2022) Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems. Global Change Biology 28: 2111-2123, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16050

Heiskanen J, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Calfapietra C, Chen H, Gielen B, Gkritzalis T, Hammer S, Hartman S, Herbst M, Janssens IA, Jordan A, Juurola E, Karstens U, Kasurinen V, Kruijt B, Lankreijer H, Levin I, Linderson M, Loustau D, Merbold L, Myhre CL, Papale D, Pavelka M, Pilegaard K, Ramonet M, Rebmann C, Rinne J, Rivier L, Saltikoff E, Sanders R, Steinbacher M, Steinhoff T, Watson A, Vermeulen AT, Vesala T, Vítková G, Kutsch W (2022) The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103: E855-E872, doi: external page 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0364.1

Lembrechts JJ, …, Buchmann N, ..., Eugster W, …, Feigenwinter I, …, Gharun M, …, Hörtnagl L, ..., Maier R, …, Shekhar A, et al. (2022) Global maps of soil temperature. Global Change Biology 28: 3110-3144, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16060

Meusburger K, Trotsiuk V, Schmidt-Walter P, Baltensweiler A, Brun P, Bernhard F, Gharun M, Habel R, Hagedorn F, Köchli R, Psomas A, Puhlmann H, Thimonier A, Waldner P, Zimmermann S, Walthert L (2022) Soil–plant interactions modulated water availability of Swiss forests during the 2015 and 2018 droughts. Global Change Biology 28: 5928-5944, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.16332

Rogger J, Hörtnagl L, Buchmann N, Eugster W (2022) Carbon dioxide fluxes of a mountain grassland: drivers, anomalies and annual budgets. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 134: 108801, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108801

Wang Y-R, Buchmann N, Hessen DO, Stordal F, Erisman JW, Vollsnes AV, Andersen T, Dolman H (2022) Disentangling effects of natural and anthropogenic drivers on forest net ecosystem production. Science of The Total Environment 839: 156326, doi: external page 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156326

Zhang W, Yu G, Chen Z, Zhu X, Han L, Liu Z, Lin Y, Han S, Sha L, Wang H, Wang Y, Yan J, Zhang Y, Gharun M (2022) Photosynthetic capacity dominates the interannual variation of annual gross primary productivity in the Northern Hemisphere. Science of The Total Environment 849: 157856, doi: external page 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157856

2021

Etzold S, Sterck F, Bose AK, Braun S, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Gessler A, Kahmen A, Peters RL, Vitasse Y, Walthert L, Ziemińska K, Zweifel R (2021) Number of growth days and not timing of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees. Ecology Letters, doi: external page 10.1111/ele.13933

Gharun M, Klesse S, Tomlinson G, Waldner P, Stocker B, Rihm B, Siegwolf R, Buchmann N (2021) Effect of nitrogen deposition on centennial forest water-use efficiency. Environmental Research Letters 16: 114036, doi: external page 10.1088/1748-9326/ac30f9

Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffle L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Van Meerbeek K (2021) ForestTemp – sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests. Global Change Biology 27: 6307-6319, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.15892

Heiskanen J, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Calfapietra C, Chen H, Gielen B, Gkritzalis T, Hammer S, Hartman S, Herbst M, Janssens IA, Jordan A, Juurola E, Karstens U, Kasurinen V, Kruijt B, Lankreijer H, Levin I, Linderson M, Loustau D, Merbold L, Myhre CL, Papale D, Pavelka M, Pilegaard K, Ramonet M, Rebmann C, Rinne J, Rivier L, Saltikoff E, Sanders R, Steinbacher M, Steinhoff T, Watson A, Vermeulen AT, Vesala T, Vítková G, Kutsch W (2021) The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi: external page 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0364.1

Hörtnagl L (2021) DYCO: A Python package to dynamically detect andcompensate for time lags in ecosystem time series. Journal of Open Source Software 6: 2575, doi: external page 10.21105/joss.02575

Irvin J, …, Hörtnagl L, …, Maier R, …, et al. (2021) Gap-filling eddy covariance methane fluxes: Comparison of machine learning model predictions and uncertainties at FLUXNET-CH₄ wetlands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 308-309: 108528, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108528

Lin S, Li J, Liu Q, Gioli B, Paul-Limoges E, Buchmann N, Gharun M, Hörtnagl L, Foltýnová L, Dušek J, Li L, Yuan W (2021) Improved global estimations of gross primary productivity of natural vegetation types by incorporating plant functional type. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation 100: 102328, doi: external page 10.1016/j.jag.2021.102328

Liu Y, Wu C, Liu L, Gu C, Andrew Black T, Jassal RS, Hörtnagl L, Montagnani L, Moyano F, Varlagin A, Altaf Arain M, Govind A (2021) Interannual and spatial variability of net ecosystem production in forests explained by an integrated physiological indicator in summer. Ecological Indicators 129: 107982, doi: external page 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107982

Merbold L, Decock C, Eugster W, Fuchs K, Wolf B, Buchmann N, Hörtnagl L (2021) Are there memory effects on greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, N₂O and CH₄) following grassland restoration? Biogeosciences 18: 1481-1498, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-18-1481-2021

Migliavacca M, Musavi T, Mahecha MD, …, Buchmann N, …, Reichstein M (2021) The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function. Nature, doi: external page 10.1038/s41586-021-03939-9

Zhou H, Shao J, Liu H, Du Z, Zhou L, Liu R, Bernhofer C, Grünwald T, Dušek J, Montagnani L, Tagesson T, Black TA, Jassal R, Woodgate W, Biraud S, Varlagin A, Mammarella I, Gharun M, Shekhar A, Buchmann N, Manco A, Magliulo E, Billesbach D, Silberstein RP, Ohta T, Yu G, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhou X (2021) Relative importance of climatic variables, soil properties and plant traits to spatial variability in net CO₂ exchange across global forests and grasslands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 307: 108506, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108506

Zweifel R, Etzold S, Basler D, Bischoff R, Braun S, Buchmann N, Conedera M, Fonti P, Haeni M, Gessler A, Hoch G, Kahmen A, Koechli R, Maeder M, Nievergelt D, Peter M, Peters RL, Schaub M, Trotsiuk V, Walthert L, Wilhelm M, Eugster W (2021) TreeNet - The biological drought and growth indicator network. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4: 776905, doi: external page 10.3389/ffgc.2021.776905

Zweifel R, Sterck F, Braun S, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Gessler A, Häni M, Peters R, Walthert L, Wilhelm M, Ziemińska K, Etzold S (2021) Why trees grow in the dark. New Phytologist 231: 2174-2185, doi: external page 10.1111/nph.17552

2020

Bond‐Lamberty B, Christianson DS, Malhotra A, ..., Buchmann N, et al. (2020) COSORE: A community database for continuous soil respiration and other soil‐atmosphere greenhouse gas flux data. Global Change Biology 26: 7268-7283, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.15353

Flechard CR, Ibrom A, Skiba UM, de Vries W, van Oijen M, Cameron DR, Dise NB, Korhonen JFC, Buchmann N, Legout A, Simpson D, Sanz MJ, Aubinet M, Loustau D, Montagnani L, Neirynck J, Janssens IA, Pihlatie M, Kiese R, Siemens J, Francez AJ, Augustin J, Varlagin A, Olejnik J, Juszczak R, Aurela M, Chojnicki BH, Dämmgen U, Djuricic V, Drewer J, Eugster W, Fauvel Y, Fowler D, Frumau A, Granier A, Gross P, Hamon Y, Helfter C, Hensen A, Horváth L, Kitzler B, Kruijt B, Kutsch WL, Lobo-do-Vale R, Lohila A, Longdoz B, Marek MV, Matteucci G, Mitosinkova M, Moreaux V, Neftel A, Ourcival JM, Pilegaard K, Pita G, Sanz F, Schjoerring JK, Sebastià MT, Sim Tang Y, Uggerud H, van Dijk N, Vesala T, Vidic S, Vincke C, Weidinger T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Butterbach-Bahl K, Nemitz E, Mark A (2019) Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Biogeosciences Discussions, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-2019-333

Flechard CR, Ibrom A, Skiba UM, de Vries W, van Oijen M, Cameron DR, Dise NB, Korhonen JFC, Buchmann N, Legout A, Simpson D, Sanz MJ, Aubinet M, Loustau D, Montagnani L, Neirynck J, Janssens IA, Pihlatie M, Kiese R, Siemens J, Francez AJ, Augustin J, Varlagin A, Olejnik J, Juszczak R, Aurela M, Berveiller D, Chojnicki BH, Dämmgen U, Delpierre N, Djuricic V, Drewer J, Dufrêne E, Eugster W, Fauvel Y, Fowler D, Frumau A, Granier A, Gross P, Hamon Y, Helfter C, Hensen A, Horváth L, Kitzler B, Kruijt B, Kutsch WL, Lobo-do-Vale R, Lohila A, Longdoz B, Marek MV, Matteucci G, Mitosinkova M, Moreaux V, Neftel A, Ourcival JM, Pilegaard K, Pita G, Sanz F, Schjoerring JK, Sebastià MT, Sim Tang Y, Uggerud H, Urbaniak M, van Dijk N, Vesala T, Vidic S, Vincke C, Weidinger T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Butterbach-Bahl K, Nemitz E, Mark A (2020) Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Biogeosciences 17: 1583-1620, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020

Flechard CR, van Oijen M, Cameron DR, de Vries W, Ibrom A, Buchmann N, Dise NB, Janssens IA, Neirynck J, Montagnani L, Varlagin A, Loustau D, Legout A, Ziembliŉska K, Aubinet M, Aurela M, Chojnicki BH, Drewer J, Eugster W, Francez AJ, Juszczak R, Kitzler B, Kutsch WL, Lohila A, Longdoz B, Matteucci G, Moreaux V, Neftel A, Olejnik J, Sanz F, Siemens J, Vesala T, Vincke C, Nemitz E, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Butterbach-Bahl K, Skiba UM, Mark A (2019) Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part II: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials. Biogeosciences Discussions, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-2019-335

Flechard CR, van Oijen M, Cameron DR, de Vries W, Ibrom A, Buchmann N, Dise NB, Janssens IA, Neirynck J, Montagnani L, Varlagin A, Loustau D, Legout A, Ziembliŉska K, Aubinet M, Aurela M, Chojnicki BH, Drewer J, Eugster W, Francez AJ, Juszczak R, Kitzler B, Kutsch WL, Lohila A, Longdoz B, Matteucci G, Moreaux V, Neftel A, Olejnik J, Sanz F, Siemens J, Vesala T, Vincke C, Nemitz E, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Butterbach-Bahl K, Skiba UM, Mark A (2020) Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part II: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials. Biogeosciences 17: 1621-1654, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020

Fu Z, Ciais P, Bastos A, Stoy P, Yan H, Green J, Wang B, Knohl A, Šigut L, Gharun M, Cuntz M, Arriga N, Roland M, Peichl M, Migliavacca M, Cremonese E, Varlagin A, Vincke C, Gourlez de la Motte L, Fares S, Buchmann N, El-Madany TS, Magliulo E, Brümmer C, Huang Y, Léonard J, Bornet F, Koebsch F (2020) Sensitivity of gross primary productivity to climatic drivers during the summer drought of 2018 in Europe. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 375: 20190747, doi: external page 10.1098/rstb.2019.0747

Gharun M, Hörtnagl L, Paul-Limoges E, Ghiasi S, Feigenwinter I, Burri S, Marquardt K, Etzold S, Zweifel R, Eugster W, Buchmann N (2020) Summer 2018 drought reduced forest and grassland productivity, but not at higher elevations in Switzerland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 375: 20190521, doi: external page 10.1098/rstb.2019.0521

Graf A, Klosterhalfen A, Arriga N, Bernhofer C, Bogena H, Bornet F, Brüggemann N, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Chi J, Chipeaux C, Cremonese E, Cuntz M, Dušek J, El-Madany TS, Fares S, Fischer M, Foltynova L, Gielen B, Gottschalk P, Gharun M, Ghiasi S, Grünwald T, Heinemann G, Heinesch B, Heliasz M, Holst J, Hörtnagl L, Ibrom A, Ingwersen J, Jurasinski G, Klatt J, Knohl A, Koebsch F, Konopka J, Korkiakoski M, Kowalska N, Kremer P, Kruijt B, Lafont S, Léonard J, De Ligne A, Longdoz B, Loustau D, Magliulo V, Mammarella I, Manca G, Mauder M, Migliavacca M, Mölder M, Ney P, Nilsson M, Neirynck J, Paul-Limoges E, Peichl M, Pitacco A, Poyda A, Rebmann C, Roland M, Sachs T, Schmidt M, Siebicke L, Schrader F, Šigut L, Tuittila ES, Varlagin A, Vendrame N, Vincke C, Völksch I, Wille C, Weber S, Wizemann HD, Zeeman M, Vereecken H (2020) Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 375: 20190524, doi: external page 10.1098/rstb.2019.0524

Merbold L, Decock C, Eugster W, Fuchs K, Wolf B, Buchmann N, Hörtnagl L (2020) Memory effects on greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, N₂O and CH₄) following grassland restoration? Biogeosciences Discussions, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-2020-141

Nelson JA, Pérez-Priego O, Zhou S, Poyatos R, Zhang Y, Blanken PD, Gimeno TE, Wohlfahrt G, Desai AR, Gioli B, Limousin JM, Bonal D, Paul-Limoges E, Scott RL, Varlagin A, Fuchs K, Montagnani L, Wolf S, Delpierre N, Berveiller D, Gharun M, Marchesini LB, Gianelle D, Šigut L, Mammarella I, Siebicke L, Black TA, Knohl A, Hörtnagl L, Magliulo V, Carvalhais N, Migliavacca M, Reichstein M, Jung M (2020) Ecosystem transpiration and evaporation: insights from three water flux partitioning methods across FLUXNET sites. Global Change Biology 26: 6916-6930, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.1531

Pastorello GZ, … Buchmann N, … Eugster W, … Feigenwinter I, … Gharun M, … Hörtnagl L, …, Maier R, … Merbold L, …, Paul-Limoges E, … in total 286 coauthors (2020) The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data. Scientific Data 7: 225, doi: external page 10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3

Paul-Limoges E, Wolf S, Schneider FD, Longo M, Moorcroft P, Gharun M, Damm A (2020) Partitioning evapotranspiration with concurrent eddy covariance measurements in a mixed forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 280: 107786, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107786

Schuldt B, Buras A, Arend M, Vitasse Y, Beierkuhnlein C, Damm A, Gharun M, Grams TEE, Hauck M, Hajek P, Hartmann H, Hilbrunner E, Hoch G, Holloway-Phillips M, Körner C, Larysch E, Lübbe T, Nelson DB, Rammig A, Rigling A, Rose L, Ruehr NK, Schumann K, Weiser F, Werner C, Wohlgemuth T, Zang CS, Kahmen A (2020) A first assessment of the impact of the extreme 2018 summer drought on Central European forests. Basic and Applied Ecology 45: 86-103, doi: external page 10.1016/j.baae.2020.04.003

Trotsiuk V, Hartig F, Cailleret M, Babst F, Forrester DI, Baltensweiler A, Buchmann N, Bugmann H, Gessler A, Gharun M, Minunno F, Rigling A, Rohner B, Stillhard J, Thuerig E, Waldner P, Ferretti M, Eugster W, Schaub M (2020) Assessing the response of forest productivity to climate extremes in Switzerland using model‐data fusion. Global Change Biology 26: 2463-2476, doi: external page 10.1111/gcb.15011

Xiao M, Yu Z, Kong D, Gu X, Mammarella I, Montagnani L, Arain MA, Merbold L, Magliulo V, Lohila A, Buchmann N, Wolf S, Gharun M, Hörtnagl L, Beringer J, Gioli B (2020) Stomatal response to decreased relative humidity constrains the acceleration of terrestrial evapotranspiration. Environmental Research Letters 15: 094066, doi: external page 10.1088/1748-9326/ab9967

2019

Besnard S, Carvalhais N, Brede B, Clevers JGPW, Dutrieux LP, Gans F, Jung M, Reichstein M, Arain A, Black A, Buchmann N, Chen J, Kosugi Y, Knohl A, Law BE, Paul-Limoges E, Lohila A, Merbold L, Roupsard O, Valentini R, Wolf S, Zhang X (2019) Memory effects of climate and vegetation affecting net ecosystem CO₂ fluxes in global forests. PLoS One 14: external page e0211510

Peaucelle M, Bacour C, Ciais P, Vuichard N, Kuppel S, Penuelas J, Belelli Marchesini L, Blanken PD, Buchmann N, Chen J, Delpierre N, Desai AR, Dufrêne E, Gianelle D, Gimeno-Colera C, Gruening C, Helfter C, Hörtnagl L, Ibrom A, Joffre R, Kato T, Kolb T, Law B, Lindroth A, Mammarella I, Merbold L, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Šigut L, Sutton M, Varlagin A, Vesala T, Wohlfahrt G, Wolf S, Yakir D, Viovy N (2019) Co-variations between plant functional traits emerge from constraining parameterization of a terrestrial biosphere model with in situ GPP estimates. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28: 1351-1365, doi: external page 10.1111/geb.12937

2018

Besnard S, Carvalhais N, Arain A, Black A, de Bruin S, Buchmann N, Cescatti A, Chen J, Clevers JGPW, Desai AR, Gough C, Havrankova K, Herold M, Hörtnagl L, Jung M, Knohl A, Kruijt B, Krupkova L, Law B E, Lindroth AM, Noormets A, Rouspard O, Steinbrecher R, Varlagin A, Vincke C and Reichstein M (2018) Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance. Environmental Research Letters 13, 124018, doi: external page 10.1088/1748-9326/aaeaeb

Hörtnagl L, Barthel M, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Butterbach-Bahl K, Díaz-Pinés E, Zeeman M, Klumpp K, Kiese R, Burri S, Bahn M, Hammerle Albin, Ladreiter-Knauss T, Lu H, Merbold L (2018) Greenhouse gas fluxes over managed grasslands in Central Europe. Global Change Biology 24:1843-1872, doi: external page 10.1111/gch14079

von Buttlar J, Zscheischler J, Rammig A, Sippel S, Reichstein M, Knohl A, Jung M, Menzer O, Arain A, Buchmann N, Cescatti A, Geinelle D, Jakobs C, Kiely G, Law B, Lindroth A, Magliulo V, Margolis H, McCaughey H, Merbold L, Migliavacca M, Montagnani L, Oechel W, Pavelka M, Peichl M, Rambal S, Raschi A, Scott RL, Vaccari FP, van Gorsel E, Varlagin A, Wohlfahrt G, Mahecha MD (2017) Impacts of droughts and extreme temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: a systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones. Biogesciences Discussion external page https://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/bg-2017-393/

von Buttlar J, Zscheischler J, Rammig A, Sippel S, Reichstein M, Knohl A, Jung M, Menzer O, Arain A, Buchmann N, Cescatti A, Geinelle D, Jakobs C, Kiely G, Law B, Lindroth A, Magliulo V, Margolis H, McCaughey H, Merbold L, Migliavacca M, Montagnani L, Oechel W, Pavelka M, Peichl M, Rambal S, Raschi A, Scott RL, Vaccari FP, van Gorsel E, Varlagin A, Wohlfahrt G, Mahecha MD (2018) Impacts of droughts and extreme temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: a systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones. Biogesciences 15: 1293-1318, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018

2017

Lin H, Chen Y, Song Q, Fua P, Cleverly J, Magliulo V, Law B E, Gough C M, Hörtnagl L, Di Gennaro F, Matteucci G, Montagnani L, Duce P, Shao C, Kato T, Bonal D, Paul-Limoges E, Beringer J, Grace J, Fana Z (2017) Quantifying deforestation and forest degradation with thermal response. Science of the Total Environment 607-608: 1286-1292, doi: external page 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.062

Paul-Limoges E, Wolf S, Eugster W, Hörtnagl L, Buchmann N (2017) Below canopy contributions to ecosystem CO₂ fluxes in a temperate mixed forest in Switzerland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 247: 582-596, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.08.011

Sollberger S, Wehrli B, Schubert C J, DelSontro T, Eugster W (2017) Minor methane emissions from Alpine hydropower reservoir based on monitoring of diel and seasonal variability. The Royal Society of Chemistry 19: 1278-1291, doi: external page 10.1039/c7em00232g

Tan Z , Zhuang Q, Shurpali N J, Marushchak M E, Biasi C, Eugster W, Walter Anthony K (2017) Modeling CO₂ emissions from Arctic lakes: Model development and site-level study. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 9, 5: 2190-2213, doi: external page 10.1002/2017MS001028

Yao Y, Liang S, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Jia K, Zhang X, Fisher JB, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu J, Shao C, Posse G, Li Y, Magliulo V, Varlagin A, Moors EJ, Boike J, Macfarlane C, Kato T, Buchmann N, Billesbach DP, Beringer J, Wolf S, Papuga SA, Wohlfahrt G, Montagnani L, Ardö J, Paul-Limoges E, Emmel C, Hörtnagl L, Sachs T, Gruening C, Gioli B, López-Ballesteros A, Steinbrecher R, Gielen B (2017) Estimation of high-resolution terrestrial evapotranspiration from Landsat data using a simple Taylor skill fusion method. Journal of Hydrology 553: 508-526, external page https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.013

Zhang Z, Zhang R, Cescatti A, Wohlfahrt G, Buchmann N, Zhu J, Chen G, Moyano F, Pumpanen J, Hirano T, Takagi K, Merbold L (2017) Effect of climate warming on the annual terrestrial net ecosystem CO₂ exchange globally in the boreal and temperate regions. Scientific Reports 7: 3108, doi: external page 10.1038/s41598-017-03386-5

2016

Desai A R, Wohlfahrt G, Zeeman M J, Katata G, Eugster W, Montagnani L, Gianelle D, Mauder M, Schmid H P (2016) Montane ecosystem productivity responds more to global circulation patterns than climatic trends. Environmental Research Letters 11, 024013 external page doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024013

Schmutz M, Vogt R, Feigenwinter C and Parlow E (2016): Ten years of eddy covariance measurements in Basel, Switzerland: Seasonal and interannual variabilities of urban CO₂ mole fraction and flux. Journal of geophysical research: Atmospheres 121, doi: external page 10.1002/2016JD025063

Tramontana G, Jung M, Camps-Valls G, Ichii K, Raduly B, Reichstein M, Schwalm CR. Arain A, Cescatti A, Kiely G, Merbold L, Serrano-Ortiz P, Sickert S, Wolf S, Papale D (2016) Predicting carbon dioxide and energy fluxes across global FLUXNET sites with regression algorithms. Biogeosciences Discussions 13, 4291-4313, external page doi:10.5194/bg-2015-661

Vuichard N, Ciais P, Viovy N, Li L, Ceschia E, Wattenbach M, Bernhofer C, Emmel C, Grünwald T, Jans W, Lobet B, Wu X (2016). Simulating the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components over winter wheat cultivation sites across a large climate gradient in Europe using the ORCHIDEE-STICS generic model. Agriculture. 266: 1-17, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.017

Zhou Y, Wu X, Ju W, Chen J M, Wang S, Wang H, Yuan W, Black A, Jassal R, Ibrom A, Han S, Yan J, Margolis H, Roupsard O, Li Y, Zhao F, Kiely G, Starr G, Pavelka M, Montagnani L, Wohlfahrt G, D’Odorico P, Cook D, Arain M A, Bonal D, Beringer J, Blanken P, Loubet B, Leclerc M, Matteucci G, Nagy Z, Olejnik J, Kyaw P U, Varlagin A (2016) Global parameterization and validation of a two-leaf light use efficiency model for predicting gross primary production across FLUXNET sites. Biogeosciences 121: 1045-1072, external page doi: 10.1002/2014JG002876

2015

Eugster W and Merbold L (2015) Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils. SOIL 1: 187-205, doi:external page 10.5194/soil-1-187-2015

Lietzke B, Vogt R, Feigenwinter C and Parlow E (2015): On the controlling factors for the variability of carbon dioxide flux in a heterogeneous urban environment. International journal of Climatology 35:(13) 3921-3941, doi: external page 10.1002/joc.4255

Papale D, Black TA, Carvalhais N, Cescatti A, Chen J, Jung M, Kiely G, Lasslop G, Mahecha M, Margolis H, Merbold L, Montagnani L, Moors E, Olesen JE, Reichstein M, Tramontana G, van Gorsel E, Wohlfahrt G Raduly B (2015) Effect of spatial sampling from European flux-towers for estimating carbon and water fluxes with artificial neural networks. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences 120: 1941-1957, doi:external page 10.1002/2015JG002997

Xia J, Niu S, Luo Y, Ciais P, Janssens I, Chen J, Ammann C, Arain A, Blanken PD, Cescatti A, Bonal D, Buchmann N, Curtis PS, Chen S, Dong J, Flanagan LB, Frankenberg C, Georgiadis T, Gough CM, Hui D, Kiely G, Li J, Lund M, Magliulo V, Marcolla B, Merbold L, Montagnani L, Moors E, Olesen JE, Piao S, Raschi A, Roupsard O, Suyker AE, Urbaniak M, Vaccari F, Varlagin A, Vesala T, Wilkinson M, Weng E, Wohlfahrt G, Yan L (2015) Joint Control of Terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity by Plant Phenology and Physiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112: 2788-2793, doi:external page 10.1073/pnas.1413090112

2014

Churakova OV (Sidorova), Eugster W, Etzold S, Cherubini P, Zielis S, Saurer M, Siegwolf R, Buchmann N (2014) Increasing relevance of spring temperatures for Norway spruce trees in Davos, Switzerland, after the 1950s. Trees 28: 183-191, doi: external page 10.1007/s00468-013-0941-6

Eugster W and Merbold L (2014) Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils. SOIL Discussions 1: 541-583, doi:external page 10.5194/soild-1-541-2014

Merbold L, Eugster W, Stieger J, Zahniser M, Nelson D, Buchmann N (2014) Greenhouse gas budget (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) of intensively managed grassland following restoration. Global Change Biology 20: 1918-1928 doi:external page 10.1111/gcb.12518

Verma M, Friedl MA, Richardson AD, Kiely G, Cescatti A, Law BE, Wohlfahrt G, Gielen B, Roupsard O, Moors EJ, Toscano P, Vaccari FP, Gianelle D, Bohrer G, Varlagin A, Buchmann N, van Gorsel E, Montagnani L, Propastin P (2014) Remote sensing of annual terrestrial gross primary productivity from MODIS: an assessment using the FLUXNET La Thuile dataset. Biogeosciences 11: 2185–2200, doi:external page 10.5194/bg-11-2185-2014

Yuan W, Cai W, Xia J, Chen J, Liu S, Donga W, Merbold L, Law B, Arain A, Beringer J, Bernhofer C, Black A, Blanken PD, Cescatti A, Chena Y, Francois L, Gianelle D, Janssens IA, Jung M, Kato T, Kielys G, Liu D, Marcolla B, Montagnani L, Raschi A, Roupsard O, Varlagin A, Wohlfahrt G (2014) Global comparison of light use efficiency models for simulating terrestrial vegetation gross primary production based on the LaThuile database. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 192-193: 108-120, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.03.007

Zielis S, Etzold S, Zweifel R, Eugster W, Haeni M, Buchmann N (2014) NEP of a Swiss subalpine forest is significantly driven not only by current but also by previous year’s weather. Biogeosciences 11: 1627-1635, doi:external page 10.5194/bg-11-1627-2014

2013

Lietzke B and Vogt R (2013): Variability of CO₂ concentrations and fluxes in and above an urban street canyon. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 74: 60-72, external page doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.030

Merbold L, Steinlin C, Hagedorn F (2013) Winter greenhouse gas fluxes (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) from a sub-alpine grassland Biogeosciences 10: 3185-3203, doi:external page 10.5194/bg-10-3185-2013

Merbold L, Steinlin C, Hagedorn F (2013) Winter greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) from a sub-alpine grassland Biogeosciences Discussions 10: 401-445, doi:external page 10.5194/bgd-10-401-2013

Michna P, Eugster W, Hiller RV, Zeeman MJ, Wanner H (2013) Topoclimatological case-study of Alpine pasture near the Albula Pass in the Eastern Swiss Alps. Geographica Helvetica 68: 249-263, doi:external page 10.5194/gh-68-249-2013

Mohn J, Steinlin C, Merbold L, Emmenegger L, Hagedorn F (2013) N₂O emissions and source processes in snow-covered soils in the Swiss Alps Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies 49: 520-531, doi:external page 10.1080/10256016.2013.826212

Stoy P, Mauder M, Foken T, Marcolla B, Boegh E, Ibrom A, Arain MA, Arneth A, Aurela M, Bernhofer C, Cescatti A, Dellwik E, Duce P, Gianelle D, van Gorsel E, Kiely G, Knohl A, Margolis H, McCaughey J, Merbold L, Montagnani L, Papale D, Reichstein M, Serrano-Ortiz P, Sottocornola M, Saunders M, Spano D, Vaccari F, Varlagin A (2013) The energy balance closure of FLUXNET research sites Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 171–172: 137-152, doi: external page 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.004

Verma M, Friedl MA, Richardson AD, Kiely G, Cescatti A, Law BE, Wohlfahrt G, Gielen B, Roupsard O, Moors EJ, Toscano P, Vaccari FP, Gianelle D, Bohrer G, Varlagin A, Buchmann N, van Gorsel E, Montagnani L, Propastin P (2013) Remote sensing of annual terrestrial gross primary productivity from MODIS: an assessment using the FLUXNET La Thuile dataset. Biogeosciences Discussions 10: 1-43, doi: external page 10.5194/bg-11-2185-2014

Wolf S (2013) Insight: forests use water more efficiently during spring drought. EnvironmentalResearchWeb

Wolf S, Eugster W, Ammann C, Häni M, Zielis M, Hiller R, Stieger J, Imer D, Merbold L, Buchmann N (2013) Contrasting response of grassland forest carbon and water fluxes to spring drought in Switzerland. Environmental Research Letters 8(3): 035007, doi: external page 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035007

Zielis S, Etzold S, Zweifel R, Eugster W, Haeni M and Buchmann N (2013) Forest NEP is significantly driven by previous year's weather. Biogeosciences Discussions 10: 15587-15611, doi: external page 10.5194/bgd-10-15587-2013

2012

Feigenwinter C, Vogt R, Christen A (2012): Eddy Covariance Measurements Over Urban Areas. In: Eddy Covariance A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis. Springer Atmospheric Sciences, p. 430. Springer, Heidelberg, New York. Aubinet M, Vesala T, Papale D, external page ISBN 978-94-007-2350-4

Aubinet M, Feigenwinter C, Heinesch B, Laffineur Q, Papale D, Reichstein M, Rinne J, van Gorsel E (2012): Nighttime Flux Correction. In: Eddy Covariance A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis. Springer Atmospheric Sciences, p. 430. Springer, Heidelberg, New York. Aubinet M, Vesala T, Papale D, external page ISBN 978-94-007-2350-4